![]() Instead of using 500ml flasks and lab test tubes, we have to move to thousand-liter reactors. But, now, suddenly this needs to be scaled up and be produced for thousands, or even tens of thousands of people. However, it is in phase 3 that the production challenges begin to show their head, as before phase 3 everything is developed in a lab. ![]() Testing during the first phases are usually less challenging, involving research, animal testing and limited-size human testing. ![]() Jerome Kim, Director General of the International Vaccine Institute (IVI), “if you asked GSK or Merck, they would tell you it costs $500 million for an easy vaccine, and $1 billion to $2 billion for a difficult vaccine”. It can often take between 5 to 10 years and according to Dr. ![]() The process to develop a vaccine is a process that is often long and very expensive. In this article we’ll use the example of the development of a vaccine, which is very important in these times, to see what are the typical challenges that occur during the different phases.Ĭhemical Process Simulation: From Phase 2 to Phase 3 ![]() In the chemical and pharmaceutical fields, Scaling Up often provides many tough challenges due to the many complicated processes involve that are often difficult to identify and of course difficult to solve which causes many delays.Īt the end of the day, I think most would agree that it all comes down to the mixing process. Avoid the Most Common Challenges During The Chemical Process Simulation Processes. ![]()
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